Complete Guide to Growing Cherry Trees
1. Choosing the Right Cherry Tree Variety
There are two main types of cherries:
Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium)
Taste: Sweet, great for eating fresh
Examples: Bing, Rainier, Black Tartarian
Best suited for: USDA Zones 5–7
Pollination: Most sweet cherries are self-sterile, requiring another tree for pollination.
Tart Cherries (Prunus cerasus)
Taste: Sour, perfect for pies, jams, and preserves
Examples: Montmorency, North Star, Balaton
Best suited for: USDA Zones 4–6
Pollination: Some tart cherries are self-pollinating, but others may require a pollinator.
Key Factors:
Pollination: Many sweet cherry varieties need cross-pollination from another compatible cherry tree. Some tart varieties are self-pollinating.
Chill Hours: Both types of cherries need cold temperatures in winter to set fruit. Choose a variety with chill hours that match your climate.
2. Tree Size Options
| Tree Type | Mature Height | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | 20–30 ft | Large yards, long-term production |
| Semi-Dwarf | 12–18 ft | Smaller yards, easier to maintain |
| Dwarf | 8–10 ft | Small spaces, containers |
3. Planting Cherry Trees
Best Time to Plant:
Early spring (before the tree breaks dormancy) is the best time to plant cherry trees.
Fall planting is also possible in mild climates (Zones 7–9).
Location & Spacing:
Full sun: Cherries need 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Well-drained soil: Cherries prefer slightly acidic soil with good drainage.
Spacing:
Standard trees: 20–30 ft apart
Semi-dwarf trees: 12–18 ft apart
Dwarf trees: 8–10 ft apart
How to Plant:
Dig a hole 2–3 times the size of the root ball.
Place the tree so the graft union (the bulge on the trunk) is 2–4 inches above the soil line.
Backfill with native soil, then water thoroughly.
Apply mulch to retain moisture and prevent weeds, but keep mulch away from the tree trunk.
4. Watering & Fertilizing Cherry Trees
| Stage | Watering | Fertilizing |
|---|---|---|
| Newly Planted | Deeply, 2–3x per week until established | Do not fertilize in the first few months |
| Year 1–2 | 1–2x per week, depending on rainfall; water deeply | Early spring: Balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) |
| Mature Trees | Water during dry periods, especially during fruiting | Fertilize yearly in spring with balanced fertilizer |
✅ Avoid over-watering. Cherry trees do not like standing water.
5. Pruning Cherry Trees
When to Prune:
Late winter or early spring (before new growth starts)
Prune again after harvest if necessary
Pruning Goals:
Open center or central leader shape for better airflow and light penetration
Remove:
Dead or diseased wood
Weak or inward-growing branches
Suckers at the base
Pruning encourages strong growth, good fruiting, and healthy trees. Be careful not to over-prune, as cherries are sensitive to excessive cutting.
6. Thinning Fruit
Why Thin Fruit?
Thinning helps improve fruit size, prevents branches from breaking, and encourages better air circulation.
When to Thin:
Once the cherries are about the size of a marble, thin the fruit to about 4–6 inches apart.
7. Pest & Disease Management
| Pest/Disease | Signs/Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Cherry Fruit Fly | Small puncture holes in fruit, larvae inside | Use traps, organic insecticide, or diatomaceous earth |
| Brown Rot | Soft, mushy fruit with grayish mold | Prune infected branches, use fungicides during bloom |
| Aphids | Curling or sticky leaves | Neem oil, insecticidal soap |
| Spider Mites | Webbing, stippling on leaves | Spider mite spray or horticultural oil |
| Powdery Mildew | White powdery growth on leaves, stems | Apply fungicide, prune for airflow |
💡 Dormant oil sprays in late winter can help reduce overwintering pest populations.
8. Harvesting Cherries
| Type | Harvesting Tips | Ripeness Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| Sweet Cherries | Pick when fruit is fully ripe, firm, and the color is vibrant | Color is deep (variety-dependent), fruit comes off easily |
| Tart Cherries | Pick slightly before fully ripe (to avoid mushiness) | Tartness is evident, fruit is firm and glossy |
✅ Harvesting Tip: Gently twist the cherry off the stem. Cherries are best when picked just ripe.
9. Storage Tips
Sweet cherries: Best eaten fresh, but can be stored in the fridge for up to 1 week.
Tart cherries: Can be frozen for long-term storage. Pit and freeze on a baking sheet, then transfer to containers.
Preserve: Make pies, jams, and jellies for long-term enjoyment.
Bonus Tips for Success
Pollination: Even self-pollinating varieties will benefit from a second cherry tree nearby. Some sweet cherries are not self-fertile.
Mulching: Apply mulch to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature. Keep mulch a few inches from the tree trunk to avoid rot.
Bird Protection: Use netting to protect your cherries from birds once they begin ripening.
Sunscald Protection: In zones with intense sun, apply white latex paint (diluted 50/50 with water) on the trunk to prevent sunscald.